Application of ID: Leveraging Design Triangulation to Anticipate Biological Redundancy

Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis, beauty, biological redundancy, biological systems, biology, catalytic converters, cellular cost, design triangulation, duplicate genes, E. coli, elegance, Elizabeth Mueller, environment variability, enzymes, Evolution, fine-tuning, fitness, function, gene expression, genetic information, Intelligent Design, keyless entry systems, laboratory conditions, maintenance, Neo-Darwinism, optimality, periplasmic enzymes, precision, proteins, responsive backup circuits, robustness, speakers, sporulation, Stanford University, storage, transmission
In previous posts, I’ve covered how neo-Darwinism can make biological redundancy more confusing than it should be. Source
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Engineering Better Explains Adaptation than Evolutionary Theory

adaptation, anatomy, artificial limbs, CELS 2021, Conference on Engineering in Living Systems, design logic, Engineering, engineers, environment, Evolution, fitness, fitness landscape, fur color, genes, genotype, height, Intelligent Design, living systems, micro air vehicles, mutations, nanomachines, natural genetic engineering, operational gravity well, operational parameters, physiology
The genetic variation in any species is confined to a limited set of variables such as a finch beak’s thickness. Source
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Michael Denton Identifies TWO Intelligent Designs in the Universe

Big Bang, biology, carbon, Chemistry, consciousness, Discovery Institute, fine-tuning, fitness, Francis Bacon, Intelligent Design, life, mankind, medieval synthesis, Michael Denton, Middle Ages, mind, nature, organs, physics, Reconquista, The Fitness of Nature for Mankind, The Miracle of the Cell
“The whole world works together in the service of man,” as Francis Bacon wrote. Denton revives this ancient insight with modern rigor. Source
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The Role of Lignin for Fire, Explained

Carboniferous Period, charcoal, conduction, convection, evaporative cooling, fire, Fire-Maker series, fire-making, fitness, Goldilocks, humus, industrial age, Intelligent Design, iron, Life Sciences, lignin, metallurgy, metals, nature, organic compounds, oxygen, photosynthesis, physiology, plant cells, pottery, radiation, steam engine, trees, wood, woody plants
Without lignin, there would be no woody plants, no wood, no coal, no charcoal, no fire, no pottery, and certainly no iron or metallurgy. Source
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In Praise of Copper, a Gift from Nature

Alfred Russell Wallace, aluminum, ambient temperatures, conductors, copper, corrosion, crustal rocks, ductility, Earth’s crust, electrical devices, fire, Fire-Maker series, fitness, fortuity, gold, Intelligent Design, iron, lead, machinery, mantle, metallurgy, metals, rocks, silver, steam engine, Stone Age
If the conductivity of copper were ten times less, wires would have to be ten times the cross-sectional area to provide the same conductivity. Source
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Paper Shows that “Mutational Load” Arguments Don’t Refute ENCODE

Atheism, Dan Graur, deleterious mutations, ENCODE, Evolution News, fitness, functional, genome, Genome Biology and Evolution, Intelligent Design, Junk DNA, molecular evolution, mutations, predictions, Science (journal), University of Houston
When the ENCODE project first proposed, on the basis of direct empirical research, that 80 percent of the genome may be biochemically functional, a huge prediction of intelligent design was fulfilled. Evolutionary biologists saw the writing on the wall and were quick to fight back. Perhaps one of ENCODE’s staunchest critics has been Dan Graur, a molecular evolutionary biologist at the University of Houston. He argued in 2017 in the journal Genome, Biology and Evolution that ENCODE’s empirically based conclusions could not possibly be correct because “Mutational load considerations lead to the conclusion that the functional fraction within the human genome cannot exceed 15%.” What exactly is “mutational load”? Mutational load is based upon the principal that populations of organisms can only tolerate a certain number of deleterious mutations before they reach a critical level…
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