Defining Atheism: Belief in No God or No Belief in God

2. Does God Exist?, agnosticism, Atheism, Defining Atheism, IntelligentChristianFaith, John Ferrer
Is Atheism the absence of God-belief or the present belief that there is no God? Traditionally, “atheism” refers to the belief that there is no God. But in the last 20-30 years, it’s become popular to treat the term as a kind of agnosticism, “having no belief in God” or simply, “lacking God-belief.” Who’s right? And what does it matter? Atheos Let’s go back to the Greek word from which we get our word “atheism.” “Atheist” is a translation of the Greek: atheos using the alpha privative “a” – which translates as “un-/non-/dis-/not/no,“ and the term “theos” (God). It literally translates as “No God”. Note, it’s not a merger between the alpha privative and the english term “theist” or “theism.” Rather “atheist” as a whole word is a translation of the whole word…
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The Ultimate Kalam Cosmological Argument Resource List: 80+ Curated Picks from Top Philosophers and Apologists, Part 2

2. Does God Exist?, Apologetics, Arguments for God, Big Bang, Christianity, Cosmological Argument, First Cause, Gospel, Graham Oppy, Kalam, Miguel Rodriguez, SmartFaith.me, william lane craig
[Editor’s Note: this blog series was originally posted as a single blog. The section “Introduction to the Kalam” is repeated here in both entries, for context, for the reader.] Introduction to the Kalam The Kalam Cosmological Argument (KCA) is one of the most widely discussed arguments for the existence of God in contemporary philosophy and apologetics. It goes like this: Whatever begins to exist has a cause. The universe began to exist. Therefore, the universe has a cause. Though it sounds simple, the implications are profound. If the universe had a beginning—and beginnings require causes—then something (or Someone) beyond time, space, and matter must have brought it into being. The Kalam has sparked conversations among scientists, philosophers, theologians, and skeptics alike, making it a cornerstone of modern theistic argumentation. This post…
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The Ultimate Kalam Cosmological Argument Resource List: 80+ Curated Picks from Top Philosophers and Apologists, Part 1

2. Does God Exist?, Apologetics, Arguments for God, Big Bang, Christianity, Cosmological Argument, First Cause, Gospel, Graham Oppy, Kalam, Miguel Rodriguez, SmartFaith.me, william lane craig
Introduction to the Kalam     The Kalam Cosmological Argument (KCA) is one of the most widely discussed arguments for the existence of God in contemporary philosophy and apologetics. It goes like this: Whatever begins to exist has a cause. The universe began to exist. Therefore, the universe has a cause. Though it sounds simple, the implications are profound. If the universe had a beginning—and beginnings require causes—then something (or Someone) beyond time, space, and matter must have brought it into being. The Kalam has sparked conversations among scientists, philosophers, theologians, and skeptics alike, making it a cornerstone of modern theistic argumentation. This post brings together over 80 carefully curated resources—from beginner-friendly explainers and historical texts to scholarly journal articles, courses, and public debates. Whether you’re a curious newcomer or a seasoned thinker…
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The Current Argument from Information for the Existence of God

2. Does God Exist?, Apologetics, Arguments for God, Ben Kissling, Christianity, ConvincingProof.org, design argument, Gospel, information, Intelligent Design, Philosophical Theology, Philosophy of Religion
Introduction The argument from information in contemporary terms is a novel teleological argument[1]  for the existence of God with its deepest roots in the mid-20th century. Most would describe its origins differently, including many proponents of this argument. They would begin their history of it with William Paley’s “watch in the heath” argument from 1802. Both arguments point to an object with unknown origin and reason from features of the object to the conclusion that it was designed by some intelligence rather than “naturally” occurring. Some modern design arguments are similar to Paley’s, such as Michael Behe’s irreducible complexity or Douglas Axe’s functional coherence. However, these types of arguments do not appeal to the concept of information as William Dembski’s specified complexity argument does. Ideas like irreducible complexity and Paley’s watch…
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Moral Argument 3.0: How Neuroscience Bolsters Objective Morality

2. Does God Exist?, Apologetics, Christianity, Gospel, Immaterial Soul, materialism, Mind-Body, Moral Argument, naturalism, neuroscience, objective morality, Richard Stevens, Salvo Magazine, scientific apologetics
Thinkers for centuries have strived to develop arguments to prove the existence of God.[i] Who’d have thought that neurosurgeons would find keys to rocket the traditional Moral Argument into the 21st century? The earlier moral arguments used reason, logic, and common internal thoughts and human experience to make a case for God’s existence.[ii] The Immortal Mind (2025),[iii] by brain surgeon Dr. Michael Egnor and mind researcher Denyse O’Leary, takes the venerable case to new cerebral and spiritual levels. Argument 1.0 The Standard Moral Law Argument   The Moral Law Argument (Argument 1.0) includes three main Elements:[iv] Every law requires a lawgiver. Moral laws exist. Therefore, there is a moral lawgiver. These “laws” refer to rules governing human behavior, not physical or mathematical laws. Argument 1.0 is inductive, meaning it draws from…
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How The Multiverse Theory Could Challenge Your Child’s Faith

2. Does God Exist?, Alexa Cramer, Cosmological Argument, does God exist?, First Cause, MamaBearApologetics.com, multiverse, physics, universe
What comes to mind when you hear the word “multiverse”? Do you (a) cringe, (b) hink of your kid’s favorite Marvel movie, or (c) do you cock your head like a confused (but very cute) puppy? In case you chose “c,” the term “multiverse” refers to a theory that we live in one of many (potentially even an infinite number) of universes. It makes for MARVELous movies (see what I did there?). But what happens when this theory makes its way into the minds of our kiddos as a plausible explanation of reality? Can this affect their view of God? How a “Multiverse” Replaces God         The mainstream scientific consensus is that the universe as we know it had an ultimate beginning at “The Big Bang.” This is a massive problem…
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What is the Role of A Priori Knowledge?

2. Does God Exist?, A Priori Knowledge, bellatorchristi.com, Christianity, Epistemology, Gospel, Justin Angelos, Kalam Cosmological Argument, Ontological Argument, philosophy
A priori reasoning originates from a Latin word which means, “beforehand.” Knowledge gained from experience is called a posteriori, and knowledge that doesn’t require experience is called a priori.[1] Our primary concern here is with factual knowledge. For example, Little Italy is located in New York on the East Coast of the United States, Plato lived in Athens, Greece, and Seattle, Washington, is in the Pacific Northwest. This type of knowledge is often referred to as “knowledge that” or propositional knowledge because it involves statements or propositions that are [or can be] certain to be true.[2] There are compelling reasons to consider a priori knowledge as a valid form of knowledge. For instance, the statement “bachelors are unmarried men” indicates that a certain level of experience is needed to grasp the meanings of the words “unmarried”…
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Why Philosophical Proofs For God Are Better Than “Scientific” Proofs

2. Does God Exist?, Apologetics, Aquinas’s Five Ways, Argumentation, Arguments for God, BrianHuffling.com, Christianity, ed feser, Gospel, metaphysics, philosophy, science, scientism
Let me first say that I think the “scientific” proofs for God’s existence are very good, as far as they go (I’ll explain why that word is in quotes later). Since middle school one of my hobbies has been backyard astronomy. I am very familiar with the intelligent design arguments from cosmology and biology. They are all very good and very convincing. So, what’s the issue? Well, for one, natural science alone can’t prove God. It needs philosophy. What then makes the scientific arguments good? They are good because they show that the chances for the design (not existence) of the universe and life due to random events are essentially zero. But the jump from probability to cause is a philosophical one. Science, does after all, require the use of…
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Answering Stephen Law’s Evil God Challenge

2. Does God Exist?, Apologetics, christian, ethics, Evil God, Gospel, John Ferrer, Moral Argument, naturalism, Philosophical Apologetics, Problem of Evil, Stephen Law, theism, www.IntelligentChristianFaith.com
If you’ve followed the problem of evil at the popular or academic level, then there’s a good chance you’ve come across the rather interesting objection from Stephen Law which he terms the “Evil God challenge.” In essence he contends that skeptics can reverse any efforts from theists to explain God’s goodness in spite of the facts of evil in the world. The conventional problem of evil claims that God doesn’t exist or probably doesn’t exist given the facts of evil (gratuitous evil, animal suffering, moral evil, etc.) in the world. While theists typically appeal to things like free and sublime unknown divine purposes to explain away these evils, the skeptic can counter that these evils are equally good evidence that there exists a maximally evil God. Free will is the accommodation that…
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Let’s Help Harvard Understand Intelligent Design

2. Does God Exist?, 3. Are Miracles Possible?, Apologetics, Christianity, design argument, Evolution, Gospel, Harvard, Intelligent Design, Jonathan McLatchie, JonathanMclatchie.com, naturalism, scientific apologetics
Last week, my wife and I spent an afternoon at the Harvard Museum of Natural History, in Cambridge, MA, near where we live. We both were generally impressed by the exhibitions, particularly the dinosaur section, and would recommend the museum to anyone visiting Boston. I was, however, quite disappointed to see this notice at the entrance to the display on evolution: It was disappointing to see the inaccurate representation of intelligent design (ID), along with the poor scientific epistemology. A “Super-Natural Explanation”? First, proponents of ID have long stressed that ID, in its purest sense, does not necessarily postulate a supernatural cause but is consistent with a natural or supernatural intelligence. Furthermore, I would contend that the natural / supernatural distinction is problematic. What precisely is meant when a phenomenon…
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